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Examples of Simple Unbranched Alkanes Name

Fortunately, common numerical prefixes are used in naming chains of five or more carbon atoms. The names methane through decane should be memorized, since they constitute the root of many IUPAC names. Longer chain alkanes are well known, and their names may be found in many reference and text books. A common 'ane' suffix identifies these compounds as alkanes. The following table lists the IUPAC names assigned to simple continuous-chain alkanes from C-1 to C-10.

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Iii Names of substituent groups, other than hydrogen, that complete the molecular structure.ДЄs an introduction to the IUPAC nomenclature system, we shall first consider the alkanes and cycloalkanes, since these compounds provide the foundation on which the nomenclature of functional groups is built.ДЄ full presentation of the IUPAC Rules has been provided by Advanced Chemistry Development. A suffix or other element(s) designating functional groups that may be present in the compound. A root or base indicating a major chain or ring of carbon atoms found in the molecular structure. In general, an IUPAC name will have three essential features: Likewise, given a IUPAC name, one should be able to write a structural formula. Knowing these rules and given a structural formula, one should be able to write a unique name for every distinct compound. The IUPAC nomenclature system is a set of logical rules devised and used by organic chemists to circumvent problems caused by arbitrary nomenclature. The IUPAC Systematic Approach to Nomenclature Since hydrogen is such a common component of organic compounds, its quantity and location can be assumed from the tetravalency of carbon, and need not be specified in most cases.Дў. Second, it should identify and locate any functional groups present in the compound. Consequently, common names can only be remembered by repeated use, in much the same way we use nicknames.ДЄ rational nomenclature system should do at least two things:ДЇirst, it should indicate how the carbon atoms of a given compound are bonded together in a characteristic lattice of chains and rings. The relationship of these names to each other is arbitrary, and no rational or systematic principles underly their assignments. Some examples are:Д¬ommon names such as these often have their origin in the history of the science and the natural sources of specific compounds. The relationship of these names to each other is usually arbitrary, and no rational or systematic principles underly their assignments. These names have remained in common use, and are widely recognized. Just as each distinct compound has a unique molecular structure which can be designated by a structural formula, each compound must be given a characteristic and unique name.ДЄs organic chemistry grew and developed from its early beginnings, many compounds were given trivial names at the time of their discovery. The increasingly large number of organic compounds identified with each passing day, together with the fact that many of these compounds are isomers of other compounds, requires that a systematic nomenclature system be developed.

Simply put, aliphatic compounds are compounds that do not incorporate any unsaturated aromatic rings in their molecular structure. They are also members of a larger class of compounds referred to as aliphatic. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are termed saturated, because they incorporate the maximum number of hydrogens possible without breaking any carbon-carbon bonds. Although these hydrocarbons have no functional groups, they constitute the framework on which functional groups are located in other classes of compounds, and provide an ideal starting point for studying and naming organic compounds. Hydrocarbons of this kind are classified as alkanes or cycloalkanes, depending on whether the carbon atoms of the molecule are arranged only in chains or also in rings. From the previous discussion of formula analysis, the formulas for such hydrocarbons will be C nH (2n+2вЂ“2r), where n is the number of carbon atoms and r is the number of rings.

Such compounds are necessarily hydrocarbons, made up of chains and rings of carbon atoms bonded to a full complement of hydrogen atoms (all carbons are sp 3 hybridized). In order to establish a baseline of behavior against which these reactions may be ranked, we need to investigate the reactivity of compounds lacking any functional groups. Most reactions of organic compounds take place at or adjacent to a functional group. Alkanes & Cycloalkanes Saturated Hydrocarbons Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

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